"How does Afghanistan address its seismic vulnerability, and what measures are in place to minimize earthquake impacts?"

Yes, Afghanistan like many other countries in the world, is one of the countries which is in one active seismicity regions, earthquakes regularly due to its location along the boundary of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This tectonic activity results in frequent seismic events, some of which can be quite powerful. 
Afghanistan even though it is one of the 3rd world countries but still have some strategies to help his people before and after this natural hazard. 
Here are some strategies to tackle this natural hazard. 
 
1. Building Stronger Structures; the country has guidelines for constructing earthquake-resistant buildings. These rules aim to prevent collapse during seismic events, but sometimes they aren't followed consistently. 
 
2. Educating the people; Efforts are made to inform people about earthquake safety, this includes teaching them where to seek shelter during an earthquake and how to protect themselves. 
 
3. Monitoring Earthquakes; Afghanistan uses monitoring systems to detect earthquakes and share them with people.
 
4. International Cooperation; Afghanistan collaborates with other nations and organizations (UNICEF, USAID, WHO, ....) to enhance its understanding of earthquakes and improve disaster readiness.
 
Even though Afghanistan still has a tough time dealing with earthquakes because of problems like not having enough money and the country being hard to get around.

* More than 2000 people dead in an earthquake on October 7 of 2023.

https://immap.org/product/herat-earthquake-zindajan-district-map/